The artwork depicted is a Byzantine mosaic from around 1320, titled “Saint Paul.” It is housed in the Chora Church in Istanbul, Turkey, and is part of a series of religious paintings typical of the Late Byzantine/Palaeologan Renaissance that occurred from approximately 1261 to 1453. The medium employed for this piece is mosaic, a traditional and intricate art form that uses small pieces of colored stone, glass, or other materials to create images.
The image in question features Saint Paul, as indicated by the halo around his head and the name inscribed near his figure, which is standard in religious iconography to denote holiness. He is holding a book, which may symbolize the epistles he wrote that are part of the New Testament. Saint Paul is presented with a gesture of teaching or preaching, with one hand raised. His facial expression is solemn and contemplative. The dominant use of gold in the halo suggests a divine aura and emphasizes his importance in the Christian faith.
The artist or artists who created this mosaic would have been part of the Byzantine tradition, where religious art was intended to inspire veneration and convey the teachings of the Church through visual narratives and symbolism.