The artwork “Spanish Dancer – The Cigarette” by Robert Henri, rendered in 1904, is a striking example of American Realism—a genre committed to representing everyday subjects in a naturalistic manner. As a portrait, it captures the essence of its subject with a compelling authenticity, characteristic of the art movement to which it belongs.
This artwork features a full-length portrait of a woman dressed in traditional Spanish attire, standing against a dark, muted background that serves to accentuate her figure. She is depicted wearing a vibrant red shawl and skirt, both adorned with decorative floral accents, which envelop her with a sense of drama and movement, indicative of her profession as a dancer. The reds of her clothing are rich and deep, creating a stark contrast with the dark surroundings.
Her posture is relaxed yet carries a sense of poise and confidence. The dancer’s arm is elegantly bent, her hand holding a cigarette, which suggests an air of casual nonchalance. Her hat is fashionably tilted, casting a slight shadow over her visage, while her facial expression is one of distant contemplation, her gaze directed toward the viewer, engaging yet somewhat aloof.
The pendant hanging around her neck and the brightly colored flowers in her hair add exotic touches to her ensemble, while a pair of large, ornate earrings complete the portrayal of a woman who is both a performer and a personality. The brushwork is bold and fluid, with strong chiaroscuro lending a three-dimensional quality to her form, and reinforcing the dramatic impact of this realistic yet expressive work.